Sydney Mines began as a coal town, banking on the success of Sydney Harbour. The Princess Colliery operated at Sydney Mines for 100 years, finally ending its run in 1975. Princess had produced 30 million tons of coal in its time. The very first mine in Sydney Mines was created in 1766, but it wasn't until 1829 that the first house was built in Sydney Mines, by R. Brown. The house is now an attraction, still standing at 32 Brown Street. Today, there are no mines in Sydney Mines, but residents still commute to Prince Mine at Point Aconi. Sydney Mines is located just 30.1 km (18.7 mi.) from Sydney.

Sydney Mines' population reached 10,000 people in 1932, with a majority of its population coming from the success of its mining industry. Today, Sydney mines is smaller in population than it was then, and offers a more relaxed atmosphere. Included amenities include a miners' monument on Main Street, paying homage to the men who gave their lives in honour of producing coal. One provincial heritage property is the red sandstone town hall, built in 1904. Sydney Mines offers town parks, pretty architecture, and is close to the ocean, as well as Sydney.

Sydney Mines accommodations include bed and breakfasts, inns and campgrounds.